CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY:
The University of Calcutta is the oldest among the modern universities of India. The University was established in 1857 under the governorship of Lord Canning (1856-1862) of India. It is said in its letter that the University Act (Law 2 of 1857), it is said that motivation for regular and liberal education of the subjects of Maharani's class and religion and simultaneously examining the skills of every person in different branches of literature, science and art. Original purpose These people will be given the degree of university degree as proof of their success.
The activities of the University are started as affiliated institutions and the responsibility of the students to take the examination of the students. The post of Vice Chancellor of the University was unpaid. He was nominated by the Senate and Syndicate's consent and recommendation and conducted the activities of the university with their approval and consultation. Starting from Sir James William Colville (24 January 1857 to 24 January 1859), all the VCs in the early years were European. Sir Gurudas Banerjee was the first Indian to be nominated in this position. He was nominated for the post on 1 January 1890 and remained in charge until 31 December 1892.
In the year 1882, the jurisdiction of Calcutta University spread its scope outside Calcutta and the lower Provinces, and it spread to Patna, Varanasi, Allahabad, Lucknow, Kanpur, Bareilly, Jaipur, Indore, Ajmer, Agra, Delhi, Patiala, Lahore, Simla and Amritsar, Before Dhaka, Guwahati and Rangoon, Cuttack, south and south of Nagpur and beyond it is extended to Kandi and Colombo of Sinhala. When Bombay and Madras University took over the responsibility of most of the southern part of Deccan and far south, Burma (Myanmar) and Singhal decided to get together with the University of Calcutta.
After the formation of the Indian University Act, 1904, a new era begins in the history of the university. In 1901, by the recommendation of Lord Curzon called the Education Conference in Simla, and the recommendation of the University Commission constituted by Lord Curzon in 1902, this law was empowered to teach the students to study and develop studies and research. Lord Curzon was very conscious about establishing control over the universities and their local jurisdiction and establishing control over the universities of the Burma and Sinhala, especially in the then-Calcutta University. The number of Senate members was limited by this act, most of which were nominated by the government and strict conditions were imposed for registration of new colleges. Under this Act, the universities are given the jurisdiction to arrange for systematic inspection of the affiliated colleges of the University, to appoint lecturers and professors, and to arrange for the education of the students by collecting necessary materials in the science and museum.
Ashutosh Mukherjee was the vice-chancellor of Calcutta University for four terms. During his time, steps were taken to reform the colleges, reform of schools, reconstruction of the entire education system, and especially to make the university a center of intellectual activity. The remarkable expansion of the departments started in various subjects in postgraduate level, in the presidency of the Calcutta University Commission, in 1919, under the chairmanship of Michael Sadler, is clearly understood. The success of Ashutosh Mukherjee's efforts was not limited to the expansion of postgraduate education in different sections of the human section, but in the previous years alone, there was success in the expansion of practical and applied science technology. Maharaja of Dwarbhanga Sir Sir Taraknath Palit, and the contribution of Sir Rasbehari Ghosh's huge donation, helped Ashutosh Mukherjee to build huge buildings of University Library and Science College and establish necessary machinery and equipment and laboratory there. Asutosh Mukherjee initiated the trend of development that continued through 1919 to 1947 under the able leadership of the 5th Vice Chancellor. Among them was well known. Nilratan Sarkar, Sir William Yuvert Grives, Sir Jadunath Sarkar, Dr. Hasan Suhrawardy, Dr. Shyamaprasad Mukherjee, Mohammad Azizul Haque, Dr. Bidhanchandra Roy, Dr. Radhinod Pal and Dr. Pramathnath Banerjee.
As a renowned center of higher education and knowledge, the University of Calcutta received financial support from a number of patrons. The people of eminent personalities like Prasanna Kumar Tagore, Premchand Roychand, Maharaja Rameshwar Singh, Tarkannath Palit, Rasbehari Ghosh, Jaykishan Mukherjee, Gyanendra Chandra Ghosh, Maharaja Manindrachandra Nandi and Nilratan government of Darbhanga, extended their hand to help the university respond to the call. In order to meet the growing needs of the developing society, the University has been able to include various preferential considerations at the postgraduate and undergraduate level. Graduates of the faculty and curriculum can be realized from the increasing number of different examinations. In 1933 the number of test subjects was thirty; In 1943, its number increased to thirty-seven and after one decade, in 1953, the number reached Chaushatabti. Apart from the curriculum diversity, there are opportunities for professional courses to be changed from institutional courses in general. The number of students in medical and engineering colleges has increased gradually. By 1936, the examination and certification system was introduced in the field of agronomy and in 1945, diploma courses in library science were introduced. In that year, diploma courses in soap-technology related courses were introduced under the Department of Applied Chemistry.
Post-graduate education expanses on institutional and professional courses in the university. In 1933, Arabic, Persian, Hindi, Urdu were MAs. The main thing for the exam. In 1939, the Indian mother tongue was extensively reformed into a modern Indian language and was included as a subject of MA Examination. Next year, the history and culture of Islam was included in the syllabus and in this context, a favorable environment for setting up a separate division for higher education in Islamic studies was created in the university. Statistics and geography topics were included in the MA and MS-C exams in the same year. Trade was included as a separate subject in 1946 and in 1947 political science gained a distinct status. The requirement of science and technology education at the post-graduate level was felt in 1936. As a result, in 1953, Master's Engineering and Public Health in Degree courses were introduced in 1947. Already, Barakpur Agricultural Institute, established in 1939, was re-introduced in 1948 and in that year, Khaira professor of agriculture was created. Similarly, the establishment of Institute of Jute Technology in 1946 added a new dimension to the university's syllabus.
In 1934, an art gallery and museum was established in relation to postgraduate education in ancient Indian history and culture. After the inauguration of the Asutosh Museum of Indian Art in 1937, through an exhibition of art and archaeological patterns, this art gallery and museum has been completed. Hundreds of illustrations were displayed in the form of paintings, sculptures, bronze statues, terracotta plaques, coins, illustrated manuscripts, banners, etc. These were collected from Nepal, Tibet, Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) and West Bengal, Assam, Bihar, Orissa and other parts of India. In the year 1945 and 1950, the Institute of Nuclear Physics and Radio Physics and Electronics Department were started respectively. These were two important milestones in science education.
In the year 1947, the list of 216 affiliated colleges was published in the calcutta university calendar on the eve of partition of India. Among them, there were seventeen colleges in East Pakistan, in present-day Bangladesh. These are: Ananda Mohan College, Mymensingh (registered in 1914), Azizul Haque College, Bogra (1941), Brajamohan College, Barisal (1898), Brajal Hindu Academy, Daulatpur, Khulna (1914), Carmichael College, Rangpur (1917) Choumohani College, Noakhali (1945), Chittagong College (1910), Debendra College, Manikganj (1942), Edward College, Pabna (1940), Fazlul Haque College, Chakher (1941), Harga Ganga College, Munshiganj (1942), Jamalpur College, Jamalpur Ram (1946), Michael Madhusudan College, Jessore (1942), Gurudayal College, Kishoreganj (1945), Kumudini College, Tangail (1944), Manmohini Institute of Science and Technology, Hemayetpur, Pabna (1946), Prafulla Chandra College, Bagerhat (1923) ), Rajendra College, Faridpur (1920), Rajendra Kumar Girls College, Khulna (1944), Rajshahi College, Rajshahi (1878), Sadat College, Karatia, Tangail (1939), Satkhira College, Satkhira (1946) Irajaganja College, Sirajganj (1940), Seth tolarama Girls' College, Narayanganj (1945), Sir Ashutosh College, Chittagong (1941), Sri Krishna College, Faridpur (1942) and Victoria College, Narail (1890).
After the introduction of post-graduate departments of Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee, the University of Calcutta turned into an active research center for arts and science and was recognized throughout the world. Among the former students of the university were Nobel Laureate CV Raman and Rabindranath Tagore, renowned scientist Jagadish Chandra Bose, Prafulla Chandra Roy, Satyendranath Basu, Meghnad Saha, Gyanendra Nath Mukherjee, Jnanchandra Ghosh and B.C. Guha. Distinguished philosophers like Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan, Surendranath Das Gupta, Brajendranath Shil and Krishnachandra Bhattacharya and D.R. Historians such as Bhandarkar, Hemchandra Roychowdhury, Surendranath Sen, Indu Bhushan Banerjee, Narendra Singh, Ramesh Chandra Majumder and Muhammad Jubair Siddiqui glorified the tradition of the university. In the arts, Abanindranaththaqur, Hossain Shaheed Suhrawardy, Ardhendra Kumar Ganguly and Niharranjan Roy increased the glory. Suniti Kumar Chattopadhyay is famous for his unique scholarship in linguistics.
Until 1947, many experiments were carried out in the education system, and these programs included Warda Scheme, National Council of Education, Visva-Bharati, University of Dhaka and the University of Calcutta. In addition to the other activities, the University of Calcutta was playing an important role in education in undivided Bengal.
In 1951, the Government of West Bengal passed the 'Calcutta University Act' instead of the Indian Universities Act of 1904. It is the responsibility of the University to strengthen the democratic structure through the interrelation of affiliated colleges. The same year the West Bengal Secondary Education Act passed the responsibility of the school to complete the examination of the school.
At present, the subjects of postgraduate studies in the university are being taken to new levels. New scientific research fields, such as nuclear physics, Radio Physics and Electronics, Biophysics, molikiulara Biology and Genetics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Cell Biology, Microbiology, eyatamosaphiyarika sayansa, inabhayaranamentala sayansa, Information Technology and Computer Application, etc. Topics include Has been. In fact, these subjects do not have basic science but they balance it. The achievement of this University is always praiseworthy in the field of social science, language and literature. As a result of the comparative analysis of topics, such as economy, history, philosophy, linguistics and comparative analysis of modern Indian languages in the university system, several new divisions like ancient Indian History and Culture (1932), National Science (1948) or Sociology were introduced.
Later, 'Center for Social Sciences and Humanities' was established in the name of Gandhi or Nehru, which expanded to more than one division with the help of DSA.
In 2001, the University of Calcutta was named 'Five Star Status' by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). Apart from this, the University Grants Commission has given the title 'University with Potential for Excellence Status' in recognition of the potential excellence of the University.
On November 10, 2005, The Times Higher Education Supplement released a list of the world's famous arts and humanities. Calcutta University was the only Indian university in which the list was among the first 50 universities.
On 17 January 2006, after the centenary of the University of Calcutta, the post-golden golden jubilee celebration was inaugurated by the Indian President.
No comments:
Post a Comment